The Leadenhall 大厦，伦敦 | Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Overview   概述

This 50-storey tower opposite Lloyd’s of London rises to a height of 224.5 metres (802 feet), its slender form creating its own distinctive profile within an emerging cluster of tall buildings in this part of the City of London. The building’s tapering profile is prompted by a requirement to respect views of St Paul’s Cathedral, in particular from Fleet Street. The tower’s design ensures that from this key vantage point the cathedral’s dome is still framed by a clear expanse of sky.

这座 50 层高的塔楼位于伦敦劳合社对面，高达 224.5 米（802 英尺），其纤细的外形在伦敦金融城这一地区新兴的高层建筑群中形成了自己独特的轮廓。建筑逐渐变细的轮廓是为了尊重圣保罗大教堂的景观，尤其是舰队街的景观。塔楼的设计确保从这个关键的有利位置看，大教堂的圆顶仍然被清澈的天空所围绕。

The office floors are designed to meet the highest quality office space standards taking the form of rectangular floor plates which progressively diminish in depth towards the apex. Instead of a traditional central core providing structural stability, the building employs a full perimeter braced tube which defines the edge of the office floor plates and creates stability under wind loads. The circulation and servicing core is located in a detached north-facing tower, containing colour-coded passenger and goods lifts, service risers and on-floor plant and WCs.

办公楼层的设计符合最高质量的办公空间标准，采用矩形地板的形式，向顶点逐渐减少深度。与提供结构稳定性的传统中央核心不同，该建筑采用全周边支撑结构来定义办公室地板的边缘，并在风荷载下产生稳定性。流通和服务核心位于一个独立的朝北塔楼，包含颜色编码的乘客和货物电梯、服务设施以及地面植物和卫生间。

The building’s envelope expresses the diversity of what it encloses, reinforcing the composition and providing legibility to the primary elements. Although the tower occupies the entire site, the scheme delivers an unprecedented allocation of public space – the lower levels are recessed on a raking diagonal to create a spectacular, sun-lit seven-storey high space complete with shops, and soft landscaped public space.

建筑的围护结构表达了它所包围的空间的多样性，加强了构图，并为主要元素提供了易读性。虽然塔楼占据了整个场地，但该方案提供了前所未有的公共空间分配——较低的楼层在倾斜的对角线上凹进，创造了一个壮观的、阳光充足的七层高空间，配有商店和柔和的景观公共空间。

This public space offers a half-acre extension to the adjacent piazza of St Helen’s Square. Overlooking the space is a public bar and restaurant served by glazed lifts. This new public space provides a rare breathing space within the dense urban character of the City of London.

这个公共空间为邻近的圣海伦广场提供了半英亩的扩展空间。俯瞰该空间的是一个公共酒吧和餐厅，由玻璃电梯提供服务。这个新的公共空间在伦敦金融城密集的城市特征中提供了一个难得的呼吸空间。

Concept   概念

The site identified for a new speculatively let office tower in the City of London is surrounded by listed buildings and churches in the immediate vicinity of Leadenhall Street.

为伦敦金融城新的投资出租办公楼确定的地点周围是Leadenhall 街附近的受保护建筑物和教堂。

Initially, a number of design strategies were explored in terms of their relationship to the listed surroundings as well as to the existing cluster of nearby tall buildings, the neighbouring 1969 St Helen’s building (previously known as the Aviva Tower and CGNU), the impact on the view of Sir Christopher Wren’s St Paul’s Cathedral and the potential public realm benefits. These myriad factors led to the identification of a tall, tapered development envelope (the specifically designated area within which all structures are to be contained on a site).

最初，就它们周边的环境以及附近现有的高层建筑群、邻近的 1969 年圣海伦大厦（以前称为英杰华大厦和 CGNU）的关系，探索了许多设计策略，对它们的影响Sir Christopher Wren 的圣保罗大教堂的景观和潜在的公共领域利益。这些无数的因素导致确定了一个高大的锥形开发围护结构（一个专门指定的区域，所有结构都将被包含在这个区域内）。

Various potential solutions were explored within this envelope, including a mid-rise rectangular block that filled the site, a stepped profile building and a slender high-rise. The final tall, sloped form emerged following an examination of the relative merits of each option. As its height increases and profile narrows, the mass of the building pulls away from the sensitive view of St Paul’s from Fleet Street.

在这个围护结构中探索了各种潜在的解决方案，包括一个填充场地的中层矩形块、一个阶梯式轮廓建筑和一个细长的高层建筑。在测试了每个选项的相对优点后，最终出现了高大的倾斜形式。随着高度的增加和轮廓的变窄，建筑物的质量逐渐远离 Fleet 街对圣保罗的敏感景观。

The inclined form, tapering away from the Cathedral, creates a spire-like western elevation which produces a contrasting form to the soft profile of the Cathedral’s dome and complements its setting within the existing spires of the north and south entry towers and Wren’s St Martin-within-Ludgate church. This important composition only becomes visible from the northern pavement of Fleet Street.

倾斜的形式，从大教堂逐渐变细，创造了一个类似尖顶的西立面，与大教堂圆顶的柔和轮廓形成鲜明对比，并补充了其在南北入口塔楼和Wren’s St Martin 现有尖顶内的环境—— Ludgate 教堂。 这个重要的构图只有在 Fleet 街的北部人行道上才能看到。

In addition, the decreasing profile provides a logical termination to a tall building, allowing it to create its own distinctive profile and to become a positive addition to the London skyline. The ability to build high within the development allows for the provision of a significant public space at the building’s base – maintaining existing pedestrian connections and creating an important new meeting space in the City – without compromising on lettable area.

此外，逐渐减小的轮廓为高层建筑提供了一个合乎逻辑的终点，使其能够创造自己独特的轮廓，并成为伦敦天际线的积极补充。在开发项目中建造高层的能力允许在建筑物的底部提供重要的公共空间——保持现有的行人连接并在城市中创造一个重要的新会议空间——而不影响可出租面积。

Design   设计

The Leadenhall Building comprises a number of distinct architectural elements that provide clarity to the composition both as a whole and as a legible expression of its constituent parts. These elements include the primary stability structure, the ladder frame, the office floor plates, the northern support core, the external envelope and the public realm.

Leadenhall 大楼由许多独特的建筑元素组成，这些元素使整体构成及其组成部分的清晰表达变得清晰。这些元素包括主要稳定结构、梯形框架、办公室地板、北支撑核心、外部围护结构和公共空间。

The structure aims to reinforce the geometry defined by the development envelope, which in turn created the distinctive tapering form. The primary stability structure takes the form of a perimeter braced ‘tube’ that defines the extent of the floor plates. This tubular steel megaframe can be read at a macro level within the city and at a micro level in the immediate vicinity of the building, the vertical circulation systems are expressed behind a façade of clear glazing offering occupants and passers-by views into and out of the building.

该结构旨在加强由开发外壳定义的几何形状，从而创造出独特的锥形形式。主要稳定结构采用周边支撑“管”的形式，它定义了地板的范围。这个管状钢巨型框架可以在城市内的宏观层面和建筑物附近的微观层面上进行阅读，垂直循环系统表达在透明玻璃幕墙后面，为居住者和路人提供进出的视野建筑物。

The ladder frame contributes to the vertical emphasis of the building, and encloses the fire-fighting cores that serve the office floors. The frame also visually anchors the building to the ground.

梯形框架有助于建筑的垂直重心，并包围服务于办公楼层的消防核心筒。该框架还在视觉上将建筑物固定在地面上。

The office floors take the form of simple rectangular floor plates which progressively diminish in depth by 750 millimetres towards the apex. Office floors are connected to the structural ‘tube’ at every floor level without the need for secondary vertical columns at the perimeter. The northern support core is conceived as a detached tower containing all passenger and goods lifts, service risers, on-floor plant and WCs. Three groups of passenger lifts serve the low-, mid- and high-rise sections of the building, and are connected by two transfer lobbies at levels 10 and 24.

办公楼层采用简单的矩形地板形式，向顶点逐渐减少 750 毫米的深度。办公楼层在每一层都连接到结构“管”，而无需在周边设置辅助垂直柱。北部支撑核心被设想为一个独立的塔，包含所有乘客和货物升降机、服务立管、地面植物和厕所。三组乘客电梯服务于建筑物的低、中和高层部分，并由 10 层和 24 层的两个换乘大厅连接。

The building is designed with the flexibility to be let either to a single tenant or to multiple tenants who would occupy any number of floors as necessary. The diminishing size of the floor plates allows for the possibility of creating south-facing atria with multi-floor tenancies.

该建筑的设计具有灵活性，可以出租给单个租户或多个租户，他们将根据需要占用任意数量的楼层。楼板尺寸的减小允许创建具有多层租赁的朝南中庭的可能性。

The position of the northern support core relative to the office areas means that the structure is not required to be over-clad with fire protection, allowing the whole to be designed and expressed as visible steelwork. This articulated steel frame provides clarity to the complete assemblage.

北侧支撑核心相对于办公区域的位置意味着结构不需要覆盖防火，允许整体设计和表达为可见的钢结构。这种铰接式钢框架使整个装配结构更加清晰。

The highly transparent glazed enclosure makes manifest the structureand movement systems within; its physical presence is a striking and dynamic addition to the City and a unique spectacle for the enjoyment for passers-by.

高度透明的玻璃外壳使内部的结构和运动系统得以体现；它的物理存在是这座城市的一个引人注目和充满活力的补充，也是一个让路人享受的独特景观。

The building is designed to express all its constituent elements behind a single glazed envelope. Façades to the office areas require the highest comfort criteria in relation to heat loss, daylight, glare control and solar gain. Here, the façades are supplemented with an internal layer of double-glazing, forming a cavity which incorporates the structural frame. The external glazing incorporates vents at node levels to allow outside air to enter and discharge from the cavity. Controlled blinds in the cavity automatically adjust to limit unwanted solar gain and glare.

这座建筑的设计目的是在一个单一的玻璃外壳后面表达它的所有组成元素。办公区的外墙在散热、日光、眩光控制和太阳能增益方面需要最高的舒适度标准。在这里，外墙补充了双层玻璃的内层，形成了一个包含结构框架的空腔。外部玻璃窗在节点级别包含通风口，以允许外部空气进入和排出空腔。腔体中的受控百叶窗自动调节以限制不需要的太阳能增益和眩光。

The lower levels of the building are recessed on a raking diagonal to create a large, seven-storey public space that opens up to the south. The spectacular scale of the semi-enclosed, cathedral-like space is without precedent in London and will create a major new meeting place and a unique destination in itself. Overlooking the space are a bar and restaurant with generous terrace areas that provide animation and views into the public space and beyond. Open at ground level to give access from all directions, the public space is fully accessible by means of a large, gently sloped surface connecting St Helen’s Square with Leadenhall Street.

建筑的较低层在倾斜的对角线上凹进，形成一个向南开放的大型七层公共空间。半封闭的大教堂式空间的壮观规模在伦敦是史无前例的，它将创造一个重要的新会议场所和一个独特的目的地。俯瞰空间的是一个酒吧和餐厅，带有宽敞的露台区，提供动画和公共空间及其他地方的景色。开放在地面层，可以从各个方向进入，公共空间可以通过一个连接St Helen 和Leadenhall 街的大而缓坡的表面完全进入。

Construction   建造

The Leadenhall Building’s erection was one of the fastest pieces of large-scale construction to take place in the UK. The Leadenhall’s construction site was extraordinarily tight, with the building’s footprint reaching right up to the perimeter. As a result, in combination with the building’s location in the City of London, there was no set-down space, storage or space to work on site. Every part of the building had to arrive on site prefabricated and ready for installation.

Leadenhall 大楼的建成是英国最快的大规模建设项目之一。 Leadenhall 的建筑工地异常紧张，建筑物的占地面积一直延伸到周边。因此，结合大楼在伦敦金融城的位置，现场没有固定空间、储藏室或工作空间。建筑物的每个部分都必须预制到达现场并准备安装。

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