K31 庭院住宅竞赛第一名，莫斯科 | UNStudio

在莫斯科 克日纳扎夫斯基大街31号   (31 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, 以下简称“K31”) 118,000 平方米的全新住宅综合开发项目中，UNStudio以社区营造为理念的设计拔得头筹，赢得竞赛。该项目由Glavstroy开发建设， Citymaker担任国际竞赛组织方，竞赛要求设计应当融合当地的历史文化遗产，并推动社区形成。这个 1.93 公顷的多功能社区包含71,000 平方米的住宅和庭院公园、幼儿园、健身中心、商业区和地下停车场。

UNStudio’s community-focused architectural concept has been selected as the winner for a new 118.000 m2 residential complex at 31 Krzhizhanovskogo Street in Moscow. The international competition was formulated and organised by Citymakers for project developer Glavstroy, who requested a design that incorporates the historical heritage of the region and contributes to the formation of a local community. UNStudio’ s design proposal for this multifunctional 1.93-hectare complex includes a courtyard park, 71,000 m2 of housing, a kindergarten, fitness center,commercial spaces and underground parking.

莫斯科在 2012 年发布的城市规划新蓝图中允许“在旧工业区建造住宅”。此后，莫斯科的住宅项目蓬勃发展，这大大促使莫斯科朝着现代化大都市发展。但是，城市发展的同时也带来了挑战，其中之一就是：如何打造出可持续和健康的社区。UNStudio 充分发掘利用1.93公顷地块内的场地优势，提出“K31庭院”的设计方案，解决了高密度城市环境内建造住宅社区所面临的健康及可持续性难题。项目的开发宗旨是打造未来生活典范，始终将居民的福祉置于首位，鼓励室内与室外结合的生活方式，孕育安全和温馨的居家氛围，在快速变化的城市环境中提供一系列可持续发展的社交机会。

Following the approval of a new masterplan for the city in 2012, which allows residential construction on the former industrial territories, Moscow is currently experiencing a construction boom in the residential sector. As a result, the city’s appearance is changing into that a modern Megalopolis. However, this growth brings with it many modern challenges, one of which is the creation of sustainable and healthy communities. UNStudio’s design for 31 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, ‘K31 Courtyard’, therefore exploits the most advantageous qualities of the 1.93-hectaresite to address the challenges of community building within a dense urban setting. The development is designed to createa prototype of future living that puts the wellbeing of the residents first, encourages indoor-outdoor living, cultivates an atmosphere of home and safety, and providesa range of sustainable social opportunities in this rapidly changing urban environment.

K31 庭院   K31 Courtyard

K31庭院的设计结合了两种典型住宅形态的建筑特点：分别是围绕私人庭院的阶梯式裙楼，和两座位于裙楼对角线的高层塔楼。它们保证所有住户都拥有最佳的视野和良好的采光体验。裙楼的阶梯式设计为面向内部庭院的公寓提供充足的阳光。这些阶梯式阳台还连接了毗邻的便利设施，为这个住宅项目带来独一无二的特色。

The design for K31 Courtyard marries together two typical residential building typologies ;a stepped podium which surrounds a private courtyard, and two towers that face each other diagonally in such a way as to provide the best possible viewcorridors for all the residents and enable increased daylight for the apartments. The podium design, with its stepped terraces, is designed to provide sufficient sunlight for the apartments that face the inner courtyard. These stepped terraces also create a unique feature for this residential project, as they can be used for additional amenities for the adjoining apartments.

项目根据不同住户需求设计了不同的户型和布局，最大限度地减少了不同社交群体间的隔离，所有住户共享入口和公共空间。在公寓之间的交界处，设有便利设施。K31庭院的阶梯式裙楼露台鼓励住户在全年尽情享受户外生活，在莫斯科天际线创造了一道活力、开放的社区氛围。

The development offers a wide range of apartment types and layouts to address the needs of different residents. Typology division is made in such a way that it minimises the separation of different social groups ,while entrances and common spaces are shared by all. The main amenities are also located on the threshold between apartment types. In combination with the possibility to use of the outdoor terraces on the stepped podium, the design for K31 Courtyard encourages residents to enjoy outdoor living throughout the year andto create an open neighbourhood in the sky and a lively new addition to the Moscow skyline.

社区营造   Community-building

“社区”对于K31庭院式住宅而言，是一个多维度的概念。我们的设计中参照莫斯科老式庭院的风格——安静私密、安全便利。底层建筑向城市开放，运用通透的设计手法将建筑横向延展，与城市景观连为一体。庭院的活动区和公园休闲区在视线上与街区外部的人行道相连接，引人注目。在塔楼底座、裙楼顶楼和楼道间的便利设施，都有助于增进住户们的纵向联系，鼓励垂直社区的形成。这些区域向住户提供办公室、健身房、俱乐部等。阶梯式屋顶露台还在对角线空间上创造了一个邻里空间。居住在屋顶公寓中的住户可以根据各自喜好，个性化使用露台，使之成为果园、连廊或绿植花园。

For K31 Courtyard the notionof ‘a neighboorhood’ has multiple dimensions. Referencing the old-style Moscow courtyard, which was quiet and private, while also being accessible and safe, the development is designed to extend horizontally and connect to the city by means of the transparency and impermeability of the ground level. Playgrounds and green recreation spaces in the courtyard are also visually connected to pedestrian routes on the outer perimeter of the block. Neighbourhoods can also develop vertically to promote connections between people who live around the same stairwell by means of shared intermediate amenity spaces, while two dedicated communal areas can be found ontop of the podium at the foot of each tower. These areas accommodate co-workingspaces, sport facilities and a clubhouse for residents. The stepping roof terraces create a further diagonal neighbourhood, where the roof apartments on the podium can be personalised by adding curated terrace units such as verandas, orangeries or greenhouses.

立面设计   Facade design

复杂多样的立面采用参数化设计，达到系统化、模块化的效果，并为施工奠定基础。立面模块中包括窗户、飘窗、落地窗、标准阳台，它们增加了公寓类型、创造多变的室内外组合。立面设计上颇具辨识性的垂直功能分区增强了裙楼和两栋塔楼的特征。

An intricate variety in the facade design is achieved through the use of aparametrically modelled modular system, which also enables circularity in the construction method. A combination of modules with windows, bay windows, french balconies and standard loggias is introduced in a strong grid. This results inincreased apartment types, with numerous indoor-outdoor variations. To enhance the strong characteristics of the podium and the two towers, the horizontal functional division is made recognisable in the facade design.

裙楼面向街道的外围立面选用红砖黑铁组合，保留了原址作为工业区时期的特征，也与周围建筑融为一体。裙楼边的两幢塔楼住宅采用全景玻璃和阳台设计。运用大面积反射面的轻型材料和色彩，塔楼体量显得较轻盈。当人们身处庭院，塔楼在视觉上与天空浑然一体，增进室内空间的通透性。庭院内立面与塔楼相似，使用轻质材料如天然木材，与郁郁葱葱的庭院相得益彰，为住户营造出温暖舒适的环境。

The podium facade on the outer perimeter uses brick and black metal to resemble the surrounding buildings and preserve the heritage of the location as a former industrial territory. The two towers that top the podium have panoramic windows and loggias. The light materialisation and colour of the towers, which includes large glazed reflecting surfaces, is designed to give a less weighty appearance.This is especially important when viewed from the courtyard, so that that the volumes of the towers appear to visually dissolve into the sky, thus increasing the sensation of an open inner space. The inner facade of the courtyard employs a similar lightness to the tower volumes, with natural wood creating a strong connection to the green, tree-planted courtyard and a warm and comfortable atmosphere for the residents.

来自 （SEE MORE）   UNStudio